2020年山东卷
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift forpublic speaking. _____16____ Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here aresome principles you must master.
Peoplewant to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Toooften, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public"at the expense of the "speaking." _____17____ Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Eventhe most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one whocares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wandersconstantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker'smessage. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a trulyserious one. _____18____
Your goal is not to be a perfect publicspeaker. ____19_____ And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistentbasis.
____20_____ It's rare to hear someone say,"I wish that speaker had spoken longer." On the other hand, youprobably can't count the times that you've thought, "I'm glad that talk isover. It seemed to go on forever!" So surprise your audience. Always makeyour presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leaveyour listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waitingfor your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effectivepublic speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize fora minor slip.
D. When it comes to publicspeaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speechesis to benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear out of publicspeaking by focusing on your listeners.
G. However, the majority ofpeople arc effective speakers because they train to be.
答案解析：
16. 上文提到“Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking”，其意思是“有些人天生就有演讲的天赋”，后文提到“Do you want to be a good public speaker”，其意思是“你想成为一名优秀的演讲者吗”，由此可推测出本空可能是在说大多数人并不是天生就有演讲天赋的，而是需要通过训练才能成为有效的演讲者，选项G“However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be”意思是“然而，大多数人之所以成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们经过了训练”，承上启下，符合语境。其余选项均无法起到承上启下的作用，可排除。因此，本小题应选：G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be。
17. 上文提到“Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the ‘public’ at the expense of the ‘speaking’”，其意思是“当你在台上发表演讲时，你经常关注‘公众’而忽视了‘演讲’”，由此可推测出本空可能是在建议人们应该反过来做，即关注“演讲”而不是“公众”，选项A“Do the opposite”意思是“做相反的事”，符合语境。选项B“你想成为一名有效的演讲者”与上文衔接不紧密，可排除。选项F“通过关注听众来消除对公共演讲的恐惧”虽然提到了关注听众，但是上文强调的是在演讲中关注“公众”而忽视了“演讲”，而不是恐惧公共演讲，所以该选项不符合语境。其余选项均无法与上文衔接，可排除。因此，本小题应选：A. Do the opposite。
18. 上文提到“So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one”，其意思是“所以，除非犯了一个真正严重的错误，否则不要停下来”，由此可推测出本空可能是在说即使犯了小错误也不需要道歉，选项C“你不必为一点小失误道歉”符合语境。选项E“大多数演讲的目的是为了造福观众”与上文话题不一致，可排除。其余选项均无法与上文衔接，可排除。因此，本小题应选：C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip。
19. 上文提到“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker”，其意思是“你的目标不是成为一个完美的演讲者”，由此可推测出本空可能是在说演讲者的目标是什么，选项B“你想成为一名有效的演讲者”符合语境。选项D“在公共演讲中，通常越少越好”与上文话题不一致，可排除。选项E“大多数演讲的目的是为了造福观众”虽然提到了演讲的目的，但是本段主要是从演讲者的角度出发，而不是观众，所以该选项不符合语境。其余选项均无法与上文衔接，可排除。因此，本小题应选：B. You want to be an effective public speaker。
20. 下文提到“It's rare to hear someone say, ‘I wish that speaker had spoken longer’”，其意思是“很少听到有人说‘我希望那个演讲者能讲得更久一点’”，由此可推测出本空可能是在说演讲应该简短一些，选项D“在公共演讲中，通常越少越好”符合语境。选项F“通过关注听众来消除对公共演讲的恐惧”与下文话题不一致，可排除。其余选项均无法引出下文，可排除。因此，本小题应选：D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more。
